1968, The second unified range: A new standard in productivity In the middle of the sixties, the demand for a heavy line of tractors for the individual farmer grew. The models UR1, with models of 25 to 58 hp, were insufficient for the grain farms of the Central European plains. In 1968, the development of a second Unified Range was completed. This UR2, better know as the Zetor "Crystal", had the high technical standards that were needed for large scale farming, such as hydraulic operated front wheel drive, powershift, and PTO, and came standard with the world's first safety cab with integrated roll-over protection structure mounted on silent blocks. The Zetor engineers pioneered a hitch hydraulic draft system with its sensors on the lower link arms, what was not seen on any other tractor in that era. The international press acknowledged that the Zetor Crystal raised the world wide technological standard to a higher level The first UR 2 Crystals were the 8011 (2WD) and 8045 (4WD), introduced in 1968. They had the same 4.6 litre four cylinder engine, with a power of about 85 hp at 2200 rpm. It was an affordable tractor with a very wide range of standard features, and a high productivity, which made it a milestone in the history of tractor production. The features Zetor offered as standard equipment, were optional on the products of competitors, or werent available at all. In official tests in Sweden 1972, the Crystal was the world's first to meet the N 85 noise level demands. The Zetor Crystal was way ahead of it's time, and the first generation was produced unalterated until mid eighties.   This new engine was a nephew of the Super 50 engine, the bore was widened up from 105 mm to 110 mm, and of course, the fuel injection was direct. Later on, a six cylinder UR2 Crystal, used the engine of the 8011 as base.The six cylinder engine had the same cylinder dimensions as the four cylinder, and had a displacement of 6.8 litre. In the year 1978, Zetor began experimenting with turboblowers. the four cylinder engine was turbocharged to an output of around 100 hp and set on the market as 10011 and 10045. The six cylinder engine was also turbocharged, and performed 160 hp in the 16045. The turboblower was manufactured by Holset, type 3LD-12. These turbocharged engines had a apecific fuel consumption of 236 and 243 g/KwH. These measurements dont sound too bad, even in the current millenium !! In order to gain more traction at a constant ploughing depth, The Zetormatic II hydraulics were pioneered. The classic weight transfer systems sensoring the top link arm, as invented by Harry Ferguson in the mid 30's, were not able to cope with the big multi-furrow ploughs the Crystal tractors were designed for. The top link sensor measures the pressure on the top link, caused by the implement leaning forward when it seeks depth. This works great with one, two or three furrow ploughs, but big ploughs are too long to lean forward, the working depth differs too much between the first and 4th, 5th or 6th furrow. Therefor, the Zetormatic II hydraulics were invented. The sensors on the lower link arms measure the draft forces. When the force increases, oil is commanded to the hitch cylinder, to raise the implement a bit. But when the lower link arms are raised, the inclined positioned coupler arms, connecting the short main hitch arms mounted above the differential housing with the lower link arms, will overtake some of the draft forces. As soon as the draft forces decrease enough, the valve opens again, lowering the implement, again causing more draft force, and the working cycle is closed. The Zetormatic II is acting on force impuls, and not on the leaning forward of the implement, causing shorter reaction times, and thus a much more uniform working depth and better weight transfer. 8045 10011 12045 16045 [click on these images to view them full screen] Zetor UR2 "Crystal" series model 8011/45 10011/45 12011/45 16045* production 1968-1987 1978-1987 1974-1987 1978-1987 type of engine 4 stroke OHV Diesel, liquid cooled, D.I. engine model Z 8001 Z 8002 Z 8601 Z 8601 Turbo no. of cylinders 4 6 bore x stroke (mm) 110x120 displacement (cc) 4,562 6,842 power 85 100 120 160 aspiration natural turbo natural turbo fuel cons.   g/KWh 269 236 ? 243 nominal rpm 2200 transmission speeds 16 forward / 8 reverse 12 F / 6 R (km/h) 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 L 1 H 2 H 3 H 4 H 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 R 2.3 - 1.8 3.7 - 2.8 5.9 - 4.4 8.5 - 6.3 6.9 - 5.2 10.9 - 8.2 17.9 - 13.0 24.7 - 18.5 3.3 - 2.4 5.1 - 3.8 8.1 - 6.1 11.6 - 8.7 2.4 - 1.8 3.8 - 2.9 6.1 - 4.7 8.7 - 6.7 7.1 - 5.5 11.3 - 8.7 17.9 - 13.8 25.5 - 19.6 3.3 - 2.5 5.3 - 4.0 8.4 - 6.5 11.9 - 9.2 3.0 - 2,2 4.9 - 3,6 8.1 - 6,1 -- 9.3 - 7.0 15.3 - 11,5 25.5 - 19,1 -- 3.5 - 2.6 5.7 - 4.3 9.57 - 7.2 -- torque multiplier planetary, hydraulic clutches, ratio 1.3 PTO 540/1000, hydr. operated hydraulics Zetormatic II control Position/draft/mixed, sensoring the lower link arms max. lifting force (kg) 3400 4000 pump capacity 32 L/min. 150 bar 37 L/min.  150 bar remote outlet (scv) 1 double acting valve Tires  2wd  front 4wd  front rear 7.50-20 11.2/10 x24 16.9/14 x 34 9.00x16             NA 14.9/13 x 24 18.4/15 x34 trackwidth  (mm) 1500-1750 mm weight       2WD  MFWD  3700 4150 3800 4240 4100 4870 n.a. 5270 (?) * the 16045 was downtuned and sold as 14045 in some countries.  © DmdB 2002-2003